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This paper presents a new modeling approach of eddy current nondestructive evaluation systems containing magnetic materials. Originally, the proposed model is based on coupled circuits principle and the notion of equivalent current density. In order to make the model homogenous, we consider the current density as a state variable since this density is compatible with the representation of the magnetisation by equivalent currents. By introducing the fictitious electric conductivity approach, the sensor impedance is expressed according to magnetic tube or plate characteristics such as electric conductivity and magnetic permeability. An excellent concordance is achieved by comparing the calculated results to those of analytical ones. Regarding the mesh simplicity and the fast calculation, this method is very adapted for the resolution of the inverse problems for real time evaluation of the properties of magnetic materials.
This article presents a study of a Multi-coils circular eddy current non-destructive testing sensor for determining the fibers orientation as well as the detection of defect in multidirectional carbon fibers reinforced polymer (CFRP). The developed sensor contains 16 rectangular coils connected in series and supplied by a single-phase sinusoidal source. This sensor allows the annulations of the mechanical rotation of the conventional sensors and it permits to reduce the inspection procedure duration. The electromagnetic phenomena are calculated by using 3D finite element method (FEM) based on the electromagnetic AV-A formulation. Finally, the Multi-coils circular sensor responses are analyzed through polar diagrams of the impedance variation, where the defect is taken into consideration. A great concordance between the obtained results and those of literatures has been noticed. The provided results show that the proposed sensor allows an efficient characterization of multidirectional CFRP and detection of defects in different layers.
Abdelhak, Abdou, et al. 2018. “Influence of Conductive Pollution on Eddy Current Sensor, ISSN / e-ISSN 1061-8309 / 1608-3385”. Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing volume 54 (N°3) : pp. 192–202. Publisher's Version Abstract
This paper presents a study of a surface crack detection in which the volume is filled by conductive substances due to the polluting environment. Hence, this investigation demonstrates by numerical simulation that electric conductivity is a crucial property that has to be added to the other defect geometrical characteristics in order to complete the developed models. Consequently, introducing the tolerance in percent in the measured impedance is necessary in some conditions. So, the obtained results demonstrate that the signal amplitude passes from 0 to 78% of the maximal amplitude when the defect conductivity rises from 0 to 0.5 Ms/m. On the other hand, the relative difference of the resistance partincreases according to defect volume. For example, for a defect of 0.3 MS/m, the relative difference of the resistance varies from 52 to 62% of the maximal amplitude when the defect depth varies from 0.5 to 2.25 mm. These results can be exploited to show the effect of the conductive substances occupying the crack volume. In fact, the controller using EC-NDT technique must take into consideration the presence of conductive polluting elements in the crack volume. So, this condition becomes primordial and necessary according to the degree and nature of pollution.
This paper proposes a contactless method for the identification of the electrical conductivity tensor of a carbon fiber composite materials plate using a rotating magnetic field and multi-coil eddy current sensor. This sensor consists of identical rectangular multi-coil, excited by two-phase sinusoidal current source in order to generate a rotating magnetic field and to avoid the mechanical rotation of the sensor. The fibers orientations, the longitudinal and transverse conductivities in each ply of carbon fiber composite material plate were directly determined with analysis of the impedance variation of each coil as function of its angular position. The inversion process is based on the use of artificial neural networks. The direct calculation associated with artificial neural networks makes use of 3D time-harmonic finite element method based on the AV–A formulation.
Tarek, Bouchala, Bachir Abdelhadi, and Benoudjit Azeddine. 2015. “New Contactless Eddy Current Non-destructive Methodology of Electric Conductivity Measurement, ISSn / e-ISSN 1058-9759 / 1477-2671”. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation Volume 30 ( Issue 1) : pp. 63-73 . Publisher's Version Abstract
In this paper, a new method of contactless electric conductivity measurement is developed. This method is essentially based on the association of the coupled electric field forward model, which we have recently developed, with a simple and efficient research algorithm. The proposed method is very fast because 1.3 s are sufficient to calculate electric conductivity, in a CPU of 2 GHz and RAM of 3 GB, for a starting research interval of 1.72–17.2 %IACS and tolerance of 1.72 × 10− 5 %IACS. The study of the calculation time according to mesh density and starting interval width has showed that an optimal choice has to be made in order to improve the rapidity while preserving its precision. Considering its rapidity and its simplicity of implementation, this method is more adapted, in comparison to direct current techniques using Van der Pauw geometry, for automated applications.
Tarek, Bouchala, Bachir Abdelhadi, and Benoudjit Azeddine. 2015. “Application of Coupled Electric Field Method for Eddy Current non-Destructive Inspection of Multilayer Structures, ISSN / e-ISSN 1058-9759 / 1477-2671”. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation Volume 30 ( Issue 2) : pp. 124-137. Publisher's Version Abstract
The development of fast and accurate method describing the electromagnetic phenomena intervening in eddy current non-destructive systems is very interesting, since it permits the design of reliable systems permitting the detection and the characterisation of defect in conductive materials. The coupled electric field method presented in this article can assume a large part of these objectives, because it is fast in comparison to the finite element method and easily invertible since the sensor impedance variation is an explicit function of target physical and geometrical characteristics. These advantages have motivated us to extend this method for multilayered structures, very interesting in aeronautic industry, by superposing the inductive effects in different layers. The impedance of an absolute sensor operating above three conducting layers will be calculated and compared to those obtained with finite element method. Afterwards, we shall exploit the model to study the effect of defect characteristics on the sensor impedance. Furthermore, regarding to the depth penetration effect, we shall make into evidence the necessity of accomplishing an optimal choice of the exciting field frequency during the inspection of multilayered materials. The essential importance of this method, besides of its rapidity, resides in its possibility to be extended to 2D irregular and 3D asymmetric configurations.
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