<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hichem Ferhati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fayçal Djeffal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benhaya, Abdelhamid</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimized high-performance ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer transparent electrode deposited by RF magnetron sputtering</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Superlattices and Microstructures</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749603619304835</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">129</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">176-184</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents the optimization, elaboration and characterization of a new&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;TCO&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Transparent Conductive Oxides)&amp;nbsp;electrode&amp;nbsp;based on&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;ITO/Ag/ITO&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;multilayer design that enables overcoming the trade-off between the electrical and optical properties. A new hybrid approach combining the investigated design and Particle Swarm Optimization (&lt;em&gt;PSO&lt;/em&gt;) technique is conducted with the aim of maximizing the&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Haacke&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;Figures of merit (&lt;em&gt;FoM&lt;/em&gt;). It is found that the optimized&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;ITO/Ag/ITO&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;tri-layered design paves a new path toward achieving a high&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;FoM&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;125&lt;/em&gt; × &lt;em&gt;10&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;−3&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ω&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;−1&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. Such improvement is attributed to the improved light management achieved by the efficient modulation of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Ag&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;sub-layer geometry. Subsequently, the optimized multilayer design is fabricated using&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;RF&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;magnetron sputtering&amp;nbsp;technique. The structural, optical and electrical properties associated with the deposited&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;ITO/Ag/ITO&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;multilayer structure&amp;nbsp;are also analyzed. It is found that the fabricated&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;TCO&lt;/em&gt;-based electrode shows a high&amp;nbsp;transmittance&amp;nbsp;over than&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;94.1%&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;and a low sheet resistance of&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;4.5Ω&lt;/em&gt; × &lt;em&gt;sq&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;−1&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, which is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Therefore, the proposed design methodology based on experiments assisted by&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;PSO&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;metaheuristic approach offers exciting opportunities for bridging the gap between transparency and&amp;nbsp;conductivity&amp;nbsp;characteristics. This makes the elaborated&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;ITO/Ag/ITO&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;multilayer design suitable for high-performance optoelectronic applications.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record></records></xml>