<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferhati Hichem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Djeffal Fayçal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Role of intermediate metallic sub-layers in improving the efficiency of kesterite solar cells: concept and optimization, ISSN / e-ISSN 2053-1591 / 2053-1591</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> Materials Research Express</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2053-1591/aab7ae/meta</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volume 5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pp 036417</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this work, versatile &lt;i&gt;CdS&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;Cu&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt; &lt;i&gt;2&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/sub&gt; &lt;i&gt;ZnSnS&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt; &lt;i&gt;4&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;(&lt;i&gt;CZTS&lt;/i&gt;) solar cell designs based on intermediate metallic sub-layers (&lt;i&gt;Au&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Ti&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Ag&lt;/i&gt;) engineering are proposed for enhancing light-scattering behavior and reducing recombination losses. The idea behind this work is to generate optical confinement regions in the &lt;i&gt;CZTS&lt;/i&gt; absorber layer to achieve an improved absorption and appropriate antireflection effects. Moreover, the ultra-thin metal at the &lt;i&gt;CZTS&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;Mo&lt;/i&gt; interface can be helpful for reducing the series resistance, where it behaves like a blocking layer for the Sulfur diffusion. We further combine the proposed designs with Particle Swarm Optimization (&lt;i&gt;PSO&lt;/i&gt;)-based approach to achieve broadband absorption and boost the conversion efficiency. It is found that the optimized design with &lt;i&gt;Ti&lt;/i&gt; sub-layer improves the &lt;i&gt;CZTS&lt;/i&gt; solar cell properties, where it yields 31&lt;i&gt;%&lt;/i&gt; improvement in short-circuit current and 60&lt;i&gt;%&lt;/i&gt; in the power efficiency over the conventional one. Therefore, the optimized designs provide the opportunity for bridging the gap between improving the optical behavior and reducing the recombination losses.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">N° 3</style></issue></record></records></xml>